CARIBBEAN WORLD

Daniel Ramalho/For The Globe and Mail Black or white? It was a policy born of good intentions but has stirred up perplexing, often painful, questions: What makes a person black, or white? Is it facial features? Hair? Family? Or an experience of racism? And who gets to decide? Stephanie Nolen Latin America Bureau Chief Rio de janeiro Published December 11, 2016 This article was published more than 6 years ago. Some information may no longer be current. Comments Jacqueline Chaves checked the Internet every day, waiting to see test results posted – a pass would be the last step in her long road to a job as a social worker. Ms. Chaves, 23, had worked hard to get through a degree program at the competitive federal university in Belem do Para, a port city on the Amazon forest's Atlantic coast. There were many tough tests along the way but she wasn't a bit worried about this final one. It was an exam to assess whether she qualified for a position being reserved for an affirmativ...

Are North Africans (Morroco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya) considered white in Brazil? Nobody is considered “white” or “black” in Brazil based on nationality or even ancestry alone. They’re considered to be whatever they look like. Unlike the US, color or race in Brazil refers primarily to appearance rather than descent. For example, white persons in Brazil may have black ancestors while in the US, a tradition of hypodescent defines whites as persons with no black precursors (Harris 1964) So a North African who looks like this would definitely be considered white in Brazil: While a North African who looks like this would definitely not: For people in between these two extremes, it would depend on who you ask, but Brazilians don’t typically think too much about these things. This woman for instance would probably be described by most people as “morena” which just means she’s tanned and has black hair and has no racial or ethnic connotation: I'm an International Student from Braz...

Argentine : La persistance des préjugés «xénophobes» et «racistes» Porthos 30/04/2018 à 15h38 Ni la culture criolliste ni l’éducation n’empêchèrent les préjugés xénophobes et racistes de continuer d’exister voire de s’accroître tout au long du processus d’intégration et d’assimilation des immigrants. En premier lieu, la politique d’intégration des migrants européens se développa sur les cendres des cultures indigènes. Des premières escarmouches au 16ème siècle entre Pedro de Mendoza puis Juan de Garay et les indiens Querandis dont le territoire incluait ce qui est aujourd’hui Buenos Aires jusqu’à la Guerre du Désert dans les années 1870 qui repoussa loin vers l’ouesr et vers le sud les tribus Pampas, Mapuches et Tehuelches, pour finir avec le génocide des Fuégiens après 1880, tous les peuples premiers qui n’avaient pas encore été assimilés à la société « criolla » furent les victimes de cette extension à grande échelle de la colonisation européenne. Ces massacres fondateurs font de ...

Depuis quand la France est-elle une terre d’immigration ? Carte postale, Anonyme (photographe), Brasserie Tchèque, Paris, entre 1900 et 1914 Carte postale représentant une brasserie Tchèque qui était située au 57 rue des Petites Écuries à Paris. Elle fut tenue par le restaurateur Fr. Poldene d'après la légende de la carte postale. Sur cette vue, un homme, probablement le propriétaire, se tient devant la porte de la brasserie. Sur l'une des vitrines, une inscription peinte précise la spécialité en français, "Choucroute garnie/A toute heure/cuisine bourgeoise/Demi-blonde 45 . Brasserie Tchèque, Paris, entre 1900 et 1914, Musée national de l'histoire de l’immigration, Les différentes vagues d’immigration La France est le plus ancien pays d’immigration en Europe. Dès la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle une immigration de masse est venue combler les pénuries de main-d’œuvre. D’abord frontalière (allemande, belge), elle s’est diversifiée à la fin du XIXe siècle, et plus e...

Editor's Note: William H. Frey’s latest book, "Diversity Explosion: How New Racial Demographics are Remaking America," was released earlier this year. This post was updated on September 10, 2018 with Census Bureau revisions as of September 6, 2018. New census population projections confirm the importance of racial minorities as the primary demographic engine of the nation’s future growth, countering an aging, slow-growing and soon to be declining white population. The new statistics project that the nation will become “minority white” in 2045. During that year, whites will comprise 49.7 percent of the population in contrast to 24.6 percent for Hispanics, 13.1 percent for blacks, 7.9 percent for Asians, and 3.8 percent for multiracial populations (see Figure 1). William H. Frey Senior Fellow - Brookings Metro The shift is the result of two trends. First, between 2018 and 2060, gains will continue in the combined racial minority populations, growing by 74 percent. S...

Severiano de Heredia (1836-1901) The first mayor of African descent of a major European city, Severiano de Heredia, was born in Havana, Cuba, on November 8, 1836. He was the son of prosperous mulatto parents, Henri de Heredia and Beatriz de Cárdenas. Registered as a “mulatto born free” in the parish of Jesus del Monte, some contend his actual father was his godfather, Don Ignacio Heredia y Campuzano, a wealthy landowner and slaveholder, who adopted and raised him along with his wife, Madeleine Godefroy. Escaping turmoil in Cuba, at age 10 he was packed off to France where he studied in Paris at the prestigious Lyceum Louis le Grand, graduating with highest honors (winner or the Grand Prix d’Honneur) in 1855. Living comfortably on the inheritance he acquired upon the death of his godfather, Heredia worked as a journalist, literary critic, and poet. In 1868 he married Henriette Hanaire with whom he had a son, Henri-Ignace, who died in an accident at age 12, and a daughter, Marcelle, ...

La Guadeloupe vue de l'ISS en 2005. Wikipédia Débat : Comment décoloniser le lexique sur l’« outre-mer » ? Publié: 9 octobre 2022, 17:16 CEST Mis à jour le : 9 octobre 2022, 17:22 CEST auteur Jean-Christophe Gay Agrégé de géographie, directeur scientifique de l’Institut du tourisme Côte d’Azur (ITCA), professeur des universités à l'IAE de Nice, Unité de Recherches Migrations et Société, Université Côte d’Azur Déclaration d’intérêts Jean-Christophe Gay ne travaille pas, ne conseille pas, ne possède pas de parts, ne reçoit pas de fonds d'une organisation qui pourrait tirer profit de cet article, et n'a déclaré aucune autre affiliation que son organisme de recherche. Partenaires Université Côte d'Azur Université Côte d'Azur apporte un financement en tant que membre adhérent de The Conversation FR. Les termes que nous employons pour désigner les réalités liées à l’outre-mer en tant que territoire sont piégés. En effet, ils ont pour toile de fond l...

[ANÁLISIS] Censo 2017: Foto: Andina Desde 1990, la mayoría de países latinoamericanos ha realizado censos que tenían en cuenta la auto-identificación étnica, así por ejemplo en Brasil la población se ha dividido en cuatro grupos “étnico-raciales” y en el censo de 2008, el primero en su género, 47% se reconocieron “Blancos”, 43% como “Pardos” [mulatos], 7,52% como “Pretos” [Negros], 1,10% como “Amarelos” [Amarillos o asiáticos], y 0,43% como Indígenas. Durante el mandato de Lula da Silva, el gobierno aprobó también una Ley de discriminación positiva que debía reservar 20% de plazas en las universidades estatales a estudiantes “Pardos” o “Pretos”. Luego, en 2014, durante el mandato de Dilma Roussef, se aprobó otra ley que debe reservar 20% de los puestos públicos a los afro-brasileños que representan 50,94% de la población total (más de 190 millones de personas). Como sabemos, el Perú prepara actualmente el primer Censo étnico de la población que comenzará el 22 de octubre y continuar...

  Nem preto, nem branco: os dilemas de pardos que vivem em 'limbo racial' Legenda da foto, A educadora e musicista Iara Viana, de 37 anos, diz ter passado a se identificar como negra após sofrer episódios de racismo na escola. Maior grupo étnico-racial do Brasil, responsável por 47% da população, os brasileiros que se declaram pardos se veem no meio de uma batalha política. De um lado, o movimento negro prega uma aliança entre pretos e pardos para eleger candidatos à esquerda comprometidos com o combate ao racismo. Do outro, grupos conservadores que ganharam força sob a presidência de Jair Bolsonaro exaltam a identidade parda e acusam a esquerda de estimular divisões raciais no Brasil. Como brasileiros de famílias multirraciais se posicionam nesse embate?

The UK government classifies the following overseas countries as majority native English speaking: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada*, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Ireland, Jamaica, Malta, New Zealand, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States of America. No other country may be considered as being 'majority English speaking' for visa purposes. *Applicants presenting Canadian degrees or postgraduate diplomas will not normally need to provide other evidence of English language ability so long as they supply sufficient proof from the institution that the degree was taught and examined in English

A lingua franca is a second language that people from different countries have in common, and it makes international communication possible. It might seem like a given that English is the world’s lingua franca, but how did it get to be that way and whatever happened to French? By Nuno Marques June 20, 2017 How And Why Did English Supplant French As The World’s Lingua Franca? Illustrations by Teresa Bellón According to linguist David Crystal, for a language to be considered a lingua franca it must be picked up by non-native countries, be made official in these countries and must be used in some important domains — like diplomacy, business or science. For my parents’ generation, French was the preferred choice for a second language, but within a few decades English took over. What led to this state of affairs? And is English poised to be the lingua franca of the next few centuries? Two nations who have spent much of their history as rivals keep vying for the podium. Let’s roll u...

The law of 6 January 1978 on data processing and freedoms prohibits information giving direct or indirect indications on “race” or ethnicity as well as religious affiliation from being collected in France. It is therefore very difficult to understand and quantify the African diaspora(s) in France. Contents Multiple links, keys to reducing poverty French support for solidarity France is also committed at the national and international level to cutting costs of migrants’ remittances. How can we actually define an African diaspora? The African Union Commission gives the following definition, “people of African origin living outside the continent […] who are willing to contribute to the development of the continent”, which is both very broad – in France’s case, a large proportion of inhabitants of its overseas departments and territories who have African roots would be included in this definition – and very narrow because it supposes an ongoing tie or contribution to the continent or count...

Incitement to racial hatred inquiry launched into abuse over selection for Orléans festival Mathilde Edey Gamassou, 17, was chosen to play Joan Fri 23 Feb 2018 10.57 GMT A French state prosecutor has opened an inquiry into incitement to racial hatred after the selection of a mixed-race teenager to play the folk heroine Joan of Arc in annual festivities in Orléans was met with racist abuse from far-right users of social media. Mathilde Edey Gamassou, 17, was chosen from 250 girls on Monday to play Joan in a spring festival marking . Gamassou, whose father is from Benin and whose mother is Polish, is to ride a horse through the central city dressed in armour for the celebration, which dates back nearly six centuries. The announcement was met with a stream of posts on Twitter and far-right websites, branding her selection an exercise in “diversity propaganda” and an attempt to rewrite history. “Joan of Arc was white,” read one Twitter post. “We are white and proud of being white, d...

Old songs now represent 70 percent of the U.S. music market. Even worse: The new-music market is actually shrinking. By Ted Gioia Vintage vinyl stabbing streaming play button. Getty; The Atlantic JANUARY 23, 2022 SHARE About the author: Ted Gioia writes the music and popular-culture newsletter The Honest Broker on Substack. He is also the author of 11 books, including, most recently, Music: A Subversive History. Old songs now represent 70 percent of the U.S. music market, according to the latest numbers from MRC Data, a music-analytics firm. Those who make a living from new music—especially that endangered species known as the working musician—should look at these figures with fear and trembling. But the news gets worse: The new-music market is actually shrinking. All the growth in the market is coming from old songs. U.S Catalog vs. Current Consumption Source: MRC Data The 200 most popular new tracks now regularly account for less than 5 percent of total streams. That rate was twi...